🎯 Today's Learning Goals / Lernziele
- Understand that the accusative case marks the direct object of a sentence
- Learn the key rule: ONLY masculine articles change in the accusative (der→den, ein→einen, kein→keinen)
- Recognize that feminine, neuter, and plural articles stay the same in the accusative
- Use the question 'Wen oder was?' (Whom or what?) to identify the direct object
- Master 12+ common verbs that take accusative objects (haben, brauchen, kaufen, sehen, etc.)
- Build complete sentences with correct accusative articles
📚 Grammar & Rules / Grammatik
1. What Is the Accusative Case?
Every German sentence has a subject (nominative). Many sentences also have a direct object — the thing being seen, bought, eaten, read, etc. To find the direct object, ask 'Wen oder was?' (Whom or what?). Example: 'Ich kaufe den Tisch.' — Wen oder was kaufe ich? → den Tisch (the table) is the direct object in the accusative.
2. Definite Articles: Nominative vs. Accusative
This is the single most important rule for the accusative. Masculine is the ONLY gender that changes. Memorize: der becomes den.
| GENDER | NOMINATIVE | ACCUSATIVE |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | Nominative (Subject) | Accusative (Direct Object) |
| Masculine (m.) | der Mann | den Mann |
| Feminine (f.) | die Frau | die Frau |
| Neuter (n.) | das Kind | das Kind |
| Plural (pl.) | die Kinder | die Kinder |
3. Indefinite & Negative Articles: Nominative vs. Accusative
The same masculine-only rule applies to ein/kein. Add '-en' to the masculine forms. Everything else stays the same.
| GENDER | NOMINDEF | ACCINDEF |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | Nom. (ein/kein) | Acc. (ein/kein) |
| Masculine | ein / kein Mann | einen / keinen Mann |
| Feminine | eine / keine Frau | eine / keine Frau |
| Neuter | ein / kein Kind | ein / kein Kind |
| Plural | — / keine Kinder | — / keine Kinder |
4. Possessive Articles in the Accusative
In the accusative, masculine possessives become meinen, deinen, seinen, ihren, unseren, euren, ihren, Ihren. Feminine and neuter forms do NOT change.
| GENDER | NOMPOSS | ACCPOSS |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | Nominative | Accusative |
| Masculine | mein Bruder | meinen Bruder |
| Feminine | meine Schwester | meine Schwester |
| Neuter | mein Kind | mein Kind |
| Plural | meine Eltern | meine Eltern |
5. Verbs That Take Accusative Objects
Whenever you use one of these verbs, the object that follows will be in the accusative case. Ask yourself: 'Wen oder was + verb + subject?' to confirm.
| VERB | MEANING | EXAMPLE |
|---|---|---|
| Verb | Meaning | Example |
| haben | to have | Ich habe einen Hund. |
| brauchen | to need | Wir brauchen den Schlüssel. |
| kaufen | to buy | Sie kauft einen Rock. |
| sehen | to see | Er sieht den Film. |
| lesen | to read | Ich lese das Buch. |
| trinken | to drink | Du trinkst den Kaffee. |
| essen | to eat | Wir essen einen Kuchen. |
| nehmen | to take | Ich nehme den Bus. |
| suchen | to look for | Er sucht seinen Schlüssel. |
| finden | to find | Sie findet die Lösung. |
| möchten | would like | Ich möchte einen Tee. |
| kennen | to know (person/place) | Kennst du den Mann? |
6. Accusative with 'es gibt' (there is/there are)
'Es gibt' is one of the most common expressions in German. It is followed by an accusative object, because 'geben' (to give) is a transitive verb. It works for both singular and plural.
Get all 45 days, 1,500+ vocabulary words, and Goethe exam practice formatted into a 274-page printable PDF.
📖 Core Vocabulary / Wortschatz (41 Words)
Click 🔊 to hear correct German pronunciation. Nouns are marked with articles: der (masculine) die (feminine) das (neuter).
| Audio | German | English | Type | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| derAkkusativ | the accusative case | Noun (der, -e) |
Der Akkusativ markiert das direkte Objekt. (The accusative marks the direct object.)
|
|
| dasObjekt | the object | Noun (das, -e) |
Was ist das direkte Objekt? (What is the direct object?)
|
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| dasSubjekt | the subject | Noun (das, -e) |
Das Subjekt steht im Nominativ. (The subject is in the nominative.)
|
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| derArtikel | the article | Noun (der, -) |
Der Artikel ändert sich im Akkusativ. (The article changes in the accusative.)
|
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| haben | to have | Verb (hat) |
Ich habe einen Bruder. (I have a brother.)
|
|
| brauchen | to need | Verb (braucht) |
Wir brauchen einen neuen Tisch. (We need a new table.)
|
|
| kaufen | to buy | Verb (kauft) |
Sie kauft einen Rock. (She buys a skirt.)
|
|
| sehen | to see | Verb (sieht) |
Siehst du den Vogel? (Do you see the bird?)
|
|
| lesen | to read | Verb (liest) |
Er liest einen Roman. (He reads a novel.)
|
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| trinken | to drink | Verb (trinkt) |
Ich trinke den Kaffee. (I drink the coffee.)
|
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| essen | to eat | Verb (isst) |
Sie isst einen Apfel. (She eats an apple.)
|
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| nehmen | to take | Verb (nimmt) |
Ich nehme den Bus. (I take the bus.)
|
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| suchen | to look for / to search | Verb (sucht) |
Er sucht seinen Schlüssel. (He is looking for his key.)
|
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| finden | to find | Verb (findet) |
Ich finde die Lösung. (I find the solution.)
|
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| möchten | would like | Verb (möchte) |
Ich möchte einen Tee. (I would like a tea.)
|
|
| kennen | to know (person/place) | Verb (kennt) |
Kennst du den Mann? (Do you know the man?)
|
|
| besuchen | to visit | Verb (besucht) |
Wir besuchen unseren Onkel. (We visit our uncle.)
|
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| verstehen | to understand | Verb (versteht) |
Ich verstehe die Frage nicht. (I don't understand the question.)
|
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| derTisch | the table | Noun (der, -e) |
Ich kaufe den Tisch. (I buy the table.)
|
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| derStuhl | the chair | Noun (der, -¨e) |
Siehst du den Stuhl? (Do you see the chair?)
|
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| derSchlüssel | the key | Noun (der, -) |
Ich suche meinen Schlüssel. (I am looking for my key.)
|
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| derKugelschreiber | the pen | Noun (der, -) |
Hast du einen Kugelschreiber? (Do you have a pen?)
|
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| derApfel | the apple | Noun (der, -¨) |
Sie isst einen Apfel. (She eats an apple.)
|
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| derKaffee | the coffee | Noun (der, -s) |
Ich trinke den Kaffee. (I drink the coffee.)
|
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| derFilm | the film / movie | Noun (der, -e) |
Wir sehen den Film. (We watch the film.)
|
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| derRock | the skirt | Noun (der, -¨e) |
Sie kauft einen Rock. (She buys a skirt.)
|
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| derBus | the bus | Noun (der, -se) |
Ich nehme den Bus. (I take the bus.)
|
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| dieTasche | the bag | Noun (die, -n) |
Ich suche die Tasche. (I am looking for the bag.)
|
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| dieZeitung | the newspaper | Noun (die, -en) |
Er liest die Zeitung. (He reads the newspaper.)
|
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| dieMilch | the milk | Noun (die, no pl.) |
Wir brauchen die Milch. (We need the milk.)
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| dieLösung | the solution | Noun (die, -en) |
Ich finde die Lösung. (I find the solution.)
|
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| dasBuch | the book | Noun (das, -¨er) |
Ich lese das Buch. (I read the book.)
|
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| dasAuto | the car | Noun (das, -s) |
Er kauft das Auto. (He buys the car.)
|
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| dasWasser | the water | Noun (das, -) |
Ich trinke das Wasser. (I drink the water.)
|
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| dasHandy | the mobile phone | Noun (das, -s) |
Ich suche mein Handy. (I am looking for my phone.)
|
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| dasGlas | the glass | Noun (das, -¨er) |
Ich nehme das Glas. (I take the glass.)
|
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| derVogel | the bird | Noun (der, -¨) |
Siehst du den Vogel? (Do you see the bird?)
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| derSupermarkt | the supermarket | Noun (der, -¨e) |
Es gibt einen Supermarkt hier. (There is a supermarket here.)
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| derParkplatz | the parking space | Noun (der, -¨e) |
Ich suche einen Parkplatz. (I am looking for a parking space.)
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| dieBäckerei | the bakery | Noun (die, -en) |
Es gibt eine Bäckerei um die Ecke. (There is a bakery around the corner.)
|
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| es gibt | there is / there are | Expression (+ Akk.) |
Es gibt hier einen Park. (There is a park here.)
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💬 Key Conversational Phrases / Redemittel
🗣️ Practical Dialogue / Dialog
Situation: Im Supermarkt (At the Supermarket)