π― Today's Learning Goals / Lernziele
- Conjugate haben in all six present-tense forms from memory
- Express possession of family members, objects, and pets using haben
- Use fixed haben-expressions: Hunger, Durst, Angst, Recht, Zeit, es eilig
- Recognise the age trap: German uses sein for age, not haben
- Ask and answer 'Hast du...?' / 'Haben Sie...?' questions naturally
- Distinguish haben from sein in idiomatic contexts
π Grammar & Rules / Grammatik
1. Conjugation of haben
haben is German's second most important verb after sein. It expresses possession, family, needs, and a handful of fixed feeling-expressions. The only irregularity is in the middle two forms: du hast (not habst) and er/sie/es hat (not habt). Everything else follows the regular pattern you will learn in Lesson 1.4. The wir and sie/Sie forms are identical to the infinitive, just like regular verbs.
| PRONOUN | FORM | EXAMPLE |
|---|---|---|
| ich | habe | Ich habe einen Bruder. |
| du | hast | Du hast Zeit. |
| er/sie/es | hat | Sie hat ein Auto. |
| wir | haben | Wir haben Hunger. |
| ihr | habt | Habt ihr Zeit? |
| sie/Sie | haben | Sie haben zwei Kinder. |
2. haben for Possession
Use haben to talk about family members (Ich habe zwei Schwestern), pets (Wir haben einen Hund), objects (Er hat ein Auto), and abstract things you possess (Sie hat eine Idee). When asking about possession, simply flip the pronoun and verb: Hast du Geschwister? Haben Sie Kinder?
3. Fixed haben-Expressions β Where English Says 'to be'
This is the part of the lesson that catches every English speaker. In English you say 'I am hungry', but German says 'Ich habe Hunger' (literally: I have hunger). The same applies to thirst (Durst), fear (Angst), being right (Recht), and being in a hurry (es eilig). These must be memorised as fixed expressions β you cannot translate word-for-word from English.
| PRONOUN | FORM | EXAMPLE |
|---|---|---|
| Ich habe Hunger. | I have hunger. | I am hungry. |
| Ich habe Durst. | I have thirst. | I am thirsty. |
| Ich habe Angst. | I have fear. | I am afraid. |
| Ich habe Recht. | I have right. | I am right. |
| Ich habe Zeit. | I have time. | I have time. (same!) |
| Ich habe es eilig. | I have it hasty. | I am in a hurry. |
4. The Age Trap β sein, NOT haben!
This is the exception that runs in the opposite direction. While English and German agree ('I am 25 years old' = 'Ich bin 25 Jahre alt'), many other European languages use 'have' for age (French: j'ai 25 ans, Spanish: tengo 25 aΓ±os). If you speak one of those languages, be careful β German sides with English here and uses sein. Pair this with the Hunger/Durst/Angst list: those use haben where English uses 'to be', but age uses sein just like English.
5. Negating haben β kein vs. nicht
When you want to say you don't have something, German uses kein (not ein) before the noun: Ich habe keinen Bruder (I don't have a brother), Ich habe keine Zeit (I don't have time). The form of kein matches the gender and case of the noun. For abstract or uncountable things without an article, you can also use kein: Ich habe kein Geld. Use nicht for other negations: Ich habe das Buch nicht (I don't have the book β specific item).
Get all 45 days, 1,500+ vocabulary words, and Goethe exam practice formatted into a 274-page printable PDF.
π Core Vocabulary / Wortschatz (44 Words)
Click π to hear correct German pronunciation. Nouns are marked with articles: der (masculine) die (feminine) das (neuter).
| Audio | German | English | Type | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| haben | to have | Verb (irregular) |
Ich habe einen Bruder. (I have a brother.)
|
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| derBruder | brother | Noun (der, BrΓΌder) |
Mein Bruder heiΓt Paul. (My brother is called Paul.)
|
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| dieSchwester | sister | Noun (die, -n) |
Ich habe zwei Schwestern. (I have two sisters.)
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| dieGeschwister | siblings | Noun (die, plural only) |
Hast du Geschwister? (Do you have siblings?)
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| dieFamilie | family | Noun (die, -n) |
Meine Familie ist groΓ. (My family is big.)
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| dieEltern | parents | Noun (die, plural only) |
Meine Eltern wohnen in Berlin. (My parents live in Berlin.)
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| derVater | father | Noun (der, VΓ€ter) |
Mein Vater ist Ingenieur. (My father is an engineer.)
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| dieMutter | mother | Noun (die, MΓΌtter) |
Meine Mutter hat drei Geschwister. (My mother has three siblings.)
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| dasKind | child | Noun (das, -er) |
Sie haben zwei Kinder. (They have two children.)
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| derSohn | son | Noun (der, SΓΆhne) |
Ihr Sohn ist fΓΌnf Jahre alt. (Her son is five years old.)
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| dieTochter | daughter | Noun (die, TΓΆchter) |
Die Tochter hat eine Katze. (The daughter has a cat.)
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| dasHaustier | pet | Noun (das, -e) |
Habt ihr ein Haustier? (Do you (all) have a pet?)
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| derHund | dog | Noun (der, -e) |
Wir haben einen Hund. (We have a dog.)
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| dieKatze | cat | Noun (die, -n) |
Meine Katze heiΓt Mia. (My cat is called Mia.)
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| derHunger | hunger | Noun (der) |
Ich habe Hunger. (I am hungry.)
|
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| derDurst | thirst | Noun (der) |
Hast du Durst? (Are you thirsty?)
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| dieAngst | fear / anxiety | Noun (die, Γngste) |
Sie hat Angst vor Hunden. (She is afraid of dogs.)
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| dasRecht | right (correctness) | Noun (das, -e) |
Du hast Recht. (You are right.)
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| dieZeit | time | Noun (die, -en) |
Ich habe keine Zeit. (I don't have time.)
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| eilig | hurried / urgent | Adjective |
Ich habe es eilig. (I am in a hurry.)
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| dasAuto | car | Noun (das, -s) |
Er hat ein neues Auto. (He has a new car.)
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| dasGeld | money | Noun (das) |
Ich habe nicht genug Geld. (I don't have enough money.)
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| dieFrage | question | Noun (die, -n) |
Haben Sie eine Frage? (Do you have a question?)
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| dieIdee | idea | Noun (die, -n) |
Ich habe eine gute Idee! (I have a good idea!)
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| dasProblem | problem | Noun (das, -e) |
Wir haben ein Problem. (We have a problem.)
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| derKuchen | cake | Noun (der, -) |
Wir haben Kuchen. (We have cake.)
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| derSchlΓΌssel | key | Noun (der, -) |
Hast du den SchlΓΌssel? (Do you have the key?)
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| dasHandy | mobile phone | Noun (das, -s) |
Ich habe mein Handy nicht. (I don't have my mobile phone.)
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| derGarten | garden | Noun (der, GΓ€rten) |
Wir haben einen groΓen Garten. (We have a big garden.)
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| derNachbar | neighbour (male) | Noun (der, -n) |
Mein Nachbar hat einen Hund. (My neighbour has a dog.)
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| dieNachbarin | neighbour (female) | Noun (die, -nen) |
Die Nachbarin hat zwei Katzen. (The neighbour has two cats.)
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| leider | unfortunately | Adverb |
Ich habe leider keine Zeit. (Unfortunately I don't have time.)
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| wirklich | really / truly | Adverb |
Ich habe wirklich Hunger. (I am really hungry.)
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| genug | enough | Adverb |
Hast du genug Wasser? (Do you have enough water?)
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| auch | also / too | Adverb |
Ich habe auch einen Hund. (I also have a dog.)
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| sΓΌΓ | sweet / cute | Adjective |
Der Hund ist sΓΌΓ! (The dog is cute!)
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| groΓ | big / large / tall | Adjective |
Eine groΓe Familie! (A big family!)
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| klein | small / little | Adjective |
Das Kind ist noch klein. (The child is still small.)
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| alt | old | Adjective |
Wie alt bist du? (How old are you?)
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| jung | young | Adjective |
Meine Schwester ist noch jung. (My sister is still young.)
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| kein / keine / keinen | no / not a / not any | Negation article |
Ich habe keinen Bruder. (I don't have a brother.)
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| vor | before / in front of / afraid of | Preposition |
Sie hat Angst vor Spinnen. (She is afraid of spiders.)
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| dieSpinne | spider | Noun (die, -n) |
Ich habe Angst vor Spinnen. (I am afraid of spiders.)
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| dasWochenende | weekend | Noun (das, -n) |
Am Wochenende habe ich Zeit. (On the weekend I have time.)
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π¬ Key Conversational Phrases / Redemittel
π£οΈ Practical Dialogue / Dialog
Situation: Familie und Haustiere (Family and Pets)