🎯 Today's Learning Goals / Lernziele
- Learn 40+ job titles with their masculine and feminine forms
- Understand the -in suffix rule for creating feminine job titles
- Recognize irregular feminine forms with Umlaut changes (Arzt → Ärztin)
- Ask and answer 'Was sind Sie von Beruf?' and 'Was bist du von Beruf?'
- Form compound job titles (Krankenpfleger, Zahnarzt, Informatiker)
- Use 'Ich bin ... von Beruf' to state your profession
📚 Grammar & Rules / Grammatik
1. The -in Suffix: Forming Feminine Job Titles
In German, every job title has a masculine and a feminine form. The masculine form uses 'der' and the feminine form uses 'die'. To create the feminine form, you typically add '-in' to the masculine noun. If the masculine form ends in '-e', you drop the '-e' before adding '-in'. In the plural, masculine forms often add '-' or '-e', while feminine forms always add '-innen'.
| MASCULINE | FEMININE | RULE |
|---|---|---|
| der Lehrer | die Lehrerin | Standard: + -in |
| der Student | die Studentin | Standard: + -in |
| der Ingenieur | die Ingenieurin | Standard: + -in |
| der Journalist | die Journalistin | Standard: + -in |
| der Musiker | die Musikerin | Standard: + -in |
| der Pilot | die Pilotin | Standard: + -in |
2. Irregular Feminine Forms with Umlaut Changes
Several common job titles change their stem vowel when adding -in. The vowels a → ä, o → ö, and u → ü in the feminine form. These are among the most common professions, so they must be memorized individually. The Umlaut change often mirrors the plural pattern of the masculine noun.
| MASCULINE | FEMININE | CHANGE |
|---|---|---|
| der Arzt | die Ärztin | a → ä |
| der Anwalt | die Anwältin | a → ä |
| der Koch | die Köchin | o → ö |
| der Bauer | die Bäuerin | au → äu |
| der Zahnarzt | die Zahnärztin | a → ä (in -arzt) |
3. Asking and Answering About Professions
There are several ways to ask about and state professions in German. The most common formal question is 'Was sind Sie von Beruf?' The phrase 'von Beruf' literally means 'by profession'. You can also ask 'Was machen Sie beruflich?' (What do you do professionally?) or 'Als was arbeiten Sie?' (As what do you work?). When answering, use 'Ich bin ...' without an article before the profession.
4. Compound Job Titles
German loves compound nouns, and job titles are no exception. A compound job title combines a descriptor or field with a base profession. The last part of the compound determines the gender and how you form the feminine. For example: Zahnarzt (Zahn + Arzt = tooth + doctor = dentist) — feminine: Zahnärztin. Krankenpfleger (Kranken + Pfleger = sick + carer = nurse) — feminine: Krankenpflegerin.
| COMPOUND | PARTS | MEANING | FEMININE |
|---|---|---|---|
| der Zahnarzt | Zahn (tooth) + Arzt (doctor) | dentist | die Zahnärztin |
| der Krankenpfleger | Kranken (sick) + Pfleger (carer) | nurse (male) | die Krankenpflegerin |
| der Informatiker | Informatik (computer science) + -er | computer scientist | die Informatikerin |
| der Rechtsanwalt | Recht (law) + Anwalt (attorney) | lawyer | die Rechtsanwältin |
| der Geschäftsführer | Geschäft (business) + Führer (leader) | managing director | die Geschäftsführerin |
| der Grundschullehrer | Grundschule (primary school) + Lehrer (teacher) | primary school teacher | die Grundschullehrerin |
Get all 45 days, 1,500+ vocabulary words, and Goethe exam practice formatted into a 274-page printable PDF.
📖 Core Vocabulary / Wortschatz (45 Words)
Click 🔊 to hear correct German pronunciation. Nouns are marked with articles: der (masculine) die (feminine) das (neuter).
| Audio | German | English | Type | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| derBeruf, -e | profession, job | noun (m.) |
Was ist dein Beruf? (What is your profession?)
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| derArzt, die Ärzte | doctor (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Arzt untersucht den Patienten. (The doctor examines the patient.)
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| dieÄrztin, -nen | doctor (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Ärztin arbeitet im Krankenhaus. (The doctor works in the hospital.)
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| derLehrer, - | teacher (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Lehrer erklärt die Grammatik. (The teacher explains the grammar.)
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| dieLehrerin, -nen | teacher (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Lehrerin ist sehr geduldig. (The teacher is very patient.)
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| derIngenieur, -e | engineer (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Ingenieur plant die Brücke. (The engineer plans the bridge.)
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| dieIngenieurin, -nen | engineer (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Ingenieurin arbeitet bei Siemens. (The engineer works at Siemens.)
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| derKoch, die Köche | cook, chef (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Koch macht das Essen. (The cook makes the food.)
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| dieKöchin, -nen | cook, chef (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Köchin kocht sehr gut. (The cook cooks very well.)
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| derAnwalt, die Anwälte | lawyer (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Anwalt hilft seinem Klienten. (The lawyer helps his client.)
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| dieAnwältin, -nen | lawyer (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Anwältin arbeitet in einer Kanzlei. (The lawyer works in a law firm.)
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| derVerkäufer, - | salesman, shop assistant | noun (m.) |
Der Verkäufer berät die Kunden. (The salesman advises the customers.)
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| dieVerkäuferin, -nen | saleswoman, shop assistant | noun (f.) |
Die Verkäuferin arbeitet im Supermarkt. (The saleswoman works in the supermarket.)
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| derKrankenpfleger, - | nurse (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Krankenpfleger hilft den Patienten. (The nurse helps the patients.)
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| dieKrankenpflegerin, -nen | nurse (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Krankenpflegerin arbeitet nachts. (The nurse works at night.)
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| derPolizist, -en | police officer (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Polizist kontrolliert den Verkehr. (The police officer controls the traffic.)
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| diePolizistin, -nen | police officer (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Polizistin hilft dem Kind. (The police officer helps the child.)
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| derKellner, - | waiter | noun (m.) |
Der Kellner bringt das Essen. (The waiter brings the food.)
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| dieKellnerin, -nen | waitress | noun (f.) |
Die Kellnerin nimmt die Bestellung auf. (The waitress takes the order.)
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| derZahnarzt, die Zahnärzte | dentist (male) | noun (m.) |
Ich gehe zum Zahnarzt. (I go to the dentist.)
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| dieZahnärztin, -nen | dentist (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Zahnärztin kontrolliert meine Zähne. (The dentist checks my teeth.)
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| derInformatiker, - | computer scientist (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Informatiker entwickelt Software. (The computer scientist develops software.)
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| dieInformatikerin, -nen | computer scientist (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Informatikerin programmiert eine App. (The computer scientist programs an app.)
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| derArchitekt, -en | architect (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Architekt plant ein neues Haus. (The architect plans a new house.)
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| dieArchitektin, -nen | architect (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Architektin zeichnet den Plan. (The architect draws the plan.)
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| derMechaniker, - | mechanic (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Mechaniker repariert das Auto. (The mechanic repairs the car.)
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| dieMechanikerin, -nen | mechanic (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Mechanikerin kennt sich mit Motoren aus. (The mechanic knows about engines.)
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| derJournalist, -en | journalist (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Journalist schreibt einen Artikel. (The journalist writes an article.)
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| dieJournalistin, -nen | journalist (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Journalistin interviewt den Politiker. (The journalist interviews the politician.)
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| derFriseur, -e | hairdresser (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Friseur schneidet mir die Haare. (The hairdresser cuts my hair.)
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| dieFriseurin, -nen | hairdresser (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Friseurin hat einen Salon. (The hairdresser has a salon.)
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| derBäcker, - | baker (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Bäcker backt frisches Brot. (The baker bakes fresh bread.)
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| dieBäckerin, -nen | baker (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Bäckerin steht früh auf. (The baker gets up early.)
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| derMaler, - | painter (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Maler streicht die Wand. (The painter paints the wall.)
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| dieMalerin, -nen | painter (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Malerin malt ein Bild. (The painter paints a picture.)
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| derMusiker, - | musician (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Musiker spielt Klavier. (The musician plays piano.)
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| dieMusikerin, -nen | musician (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Musikerin gibt ein Konzert. (The musician gives a concert.)
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| derPilot, -en | pilot (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Pilot fliegt das Flugzeug. (The pilot flies the airplane.)
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| diePilotin, -nen | pilot (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Pilotin fliegt nach New York. (The pilot flies to New York.)
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| derGeschäftsführer, - | managing director (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Geschäftsführer leitet die Firma. (The managing director runs the company.)
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| dieGeschäftsführerin, -nen | managing director (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Geschäftsführerin hat viel Erfahrung. (The managing director has a lot of experience.)
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| derBauer, -n | farmer (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Bauer arbeitet auf dem Feld. (The farmer works in the field.)
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| dieBäuerin, -nen | farmer (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Bäuerin verkauft Gemüse. (The farmer sells vegetables.)
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| derStudent, -en | student (male) | noun (m.) |
Der Student lernt Medizin. (The student studies medicine.)
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| dieStudentin, -nen | student (female) | noun (f.) |
Die Studentin schreibt eine Hausarbeit. (The student writes a term paper.)
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💬 Key Conversational Phrases / Redemittel
🗣️ Practical Dialogue / Dialog
Situation: Auf einer Party — Über Berufe sprechen